The agreement was signed after a meeting between President Pratibha Patil with her South Korean counterpart Lee Myung-Bak.
South Korea has become the ninth country which had signed nuclear agreement with India after it got the waiver from the Nuclear Suppliers` Group (NSG) in 2008.
The others are the US, France, Russia, Canada, Mongolia, Kazakhstan, Argentina and Namibia, an official said.
South Korea operates 20 nuclear plants that generate some 35 per cent of its electricity needs, and is keen to export its technology to fast developing countries like India.
"The two countries have just concluded and signed a bilateral agreement on cooperation in the peaceful uses of nuclear energy," said Sanjay Singh, Secretary (East), Ministry of External Affairs.
"It is like other civil nuclear agreements signed between India and other countries. We look forward to Republic of Korea for becoming one more partner in the development of civil nuclear energy in India," the official said without divulging further details on the agreement and its mandate but termed the deal as a "win-win" for both the nations.
Both India and South Korea decided to start talks on civil nuclear cooperation during a meeting between Prime Minister Manmohan Singh and South Korean President Lee on the sidelines of the ASEAN Summit in Hanoi in October last year.