In a trial carried out by researchers at Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry found that patients taking additional vitamin D drugs recovered from TB at least a week earlier that those who took medication only for the disease.
For the study, published in the medical journal The Lancet, researchers recruited 146 patients with drug-sensitive TB from 10 National Health Service Trusts in London and randomly and evenly assigned to receive either four oral doses of 2.5mg of vitamin D, or a placebo.
All participants, however, received standard antibiotic treatment for their condition.
It was found that the average time to clearance of TB from the lungs among all study participants was six weeks for patients taking standard therapy, while it was five weeks for those taking additional vitamin D.
However, patients who had a particular genetic type of vitamin D receptor were much more vitamin D responsive than others and cleared TB bacteria much more quickly if they received vitamin D in addition to standard treatment.
Vitamin D deficiency is a very common problem in TB patients -- a characteristic which may arise due to lack of sunshine or to diets low in vitamin D.
It is also possible that TB can cause vitamin D deficiency by a mechanism which is not wholly understood at present, according to the researchers.
Lead researcher Dr Adrian Martineau said: "Vitamin D is best known for its effects on bones -- it prevents rickets and osteomalacia -- but it also has important effects on the immune system.
"High dose vitamin D was used to treat TB in the days before antibiotics were available, but clinical trials have not previously been performed to find out how TB patients` genetic make-up can affect their response to vitamin D supplementation.
"The finding that patients who have a particular type of vitamin D receptor are very responsive to vitamin D is new and gives us insights into how vitamin D can affect the immune response."
Ian Jarrold, Research Manager for the British Lung Foundation, said: "The findings of this study, which was funded by the British Lung Foundation, show great promise in speeding up the antibiotic treatment of TB for those patients which are receptive to vitamin D.
"The treatment process is currently very long and can be costly so any headway made in the medical research field for this disease is welcome to improve outcomes for patients.