Odisha’s riches: From lithium to gold and iron ore to bauxite, know state’s bountiful mineral wealth

Odisha, one of India’s most mineral-rich states, plays a crucial role in the nation’s mining industry. With abundant reserves of iron ore, bauxite, gold, and even lithium, the state has established itself as the mining capital of India, supplying nearly 50% of the country’s minerals.

Gold Deposits: A Growing Prospect

Recent surveys by the Geological Survey of India (GSI) have confirmed significant gold reserves across various districts in Odisha.

Gold deposits have been identified in Sundargarh, Nabarangpur, Angul, and Koraput, with ongoing exploration in Malkangiri, Sambalpur, and Boudh.

In Keonjhar, the GSI and Odisha Mining Corporation are studying potential gold reserves in Mankadchuan, Saleikana, and Dimirimunda. Odisha is preparing to auction its first gold mining block in Deogarh, marking a historic development in the state’s mineral sector.

Lithium: A Potential Game-Changer

Lithium, a critical mineral for electric vehicle (EV) batteries, has been reportedly found in the Nayagarh district. GSI has begun exploration efforts using advanced AI and drone technology to pinpoint viable lithium reserves.

If confirmed, Odisha could emerge as a key player in India's lithium supply chain, reducing dependence on imports and supporting the country’s renewable energy goals.

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Iron Ore and Bauxite: Powering Industry

Odisha is the largest producer of iron ore in India, with major deposits in Barbil, Joda (Keonjhar), Sundargarh, and the Khandadhar Hills. In the last three years, the state has exported over 418 million metric tons of iron ore to China, generating revenue of Rs 2,418.85 crore.

The state also boasts the largest bauxite reserves in the country, crucial for aluminum production. Key locations include Panchpatmali Hills (Koraput) and Kodingamali (Rayagada). With companies like NALCO operating in the region, Odisha remains central to India’s aluminum industry.

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Other Minerals of Economic Importance

Odisha contributes nearly 98% of India’s chromite reserves, with major deposits in Sukinda Valley (Jajpur) and Baula-Nuasahi (Keonjhar).

Chromite is essential for stainless steel production. The state is also a significant producer of manganese (Sundargarh, Keonjhar), coal (Talcher, Ib Valley), and graphite (Rayagada, Balangir), further reinforcing its mining prominence.

Additionally, Odisha is home to semi-precious gemstones like garnet and aquamarine, primarily found in the Kalahandi and Nuapada districts. Other rare minerals, including vanadium, copper, and platinum group metals (PGM), have been identified in smaller quantities across the state.

Economic Impact and Future Prospects

Odisha’s mineral revenue surged to Rs 1,119 crore in 2024 (till March) from iron ore alone. With plans to auction gold and lithium blocks, the state aims to attract global investors and strengthen India’s self-reliance.

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The Road Ahead for Mining in Odisha

Odisha continues to be at the forefront of India’s mining sector, with exploration and extraction expanding across various districts. The state government, in collaboration with the GSI, is investing in cutting-edge technology to enhance efficiency and sustainability in mineral extraction.