Vitamins are essential nutrients for the body's regular and trouble-free operation. To stay healthy and active, the human body needs about 13 different kinds of vitamins on average. The human body benefits from each of these vitamins in its way. However, there are times when we may not get enough of the vitamins we need, making our bodies weaker and putting us at risk for diseases that are caused by a lack of vitamins. This is known as a "vitamin deficiency," and it affects a person's health over time.
Vitamin deficiency can lead to a range of health problems, depending on the specific vitamin that is lacking. Some common consequences of vitamin deficiency include:
Anaemia: Anaemia is a condition in which there is a deficiency of red blood cells or haemoglobin, which is the protein that carries oxygen in the blood. Anaemia can be caused by a deficiency of iron, folic acid, or vitamin B12. Symptoms of anaemia include fatigue, weakness, and pale skin.
Osteoporosis: Osteoporosis is a condition in which the bones become weak and brittle, increasing the risk of fractures. A deficiency in vitamin D can contribute to the development of osteoporosis, as vitamin D is necessary for the absorption of calcium, which is important for bone health.
Scurvy: Scurvy is a rare condition that results from a deficiency of vitamin C. Symptoms of scurvy include weakness, fatigue, and sore arms and legs. Left untreated, scurvy can lead to the loss of teeth and death.
Beriberi: Beriberi is a condition that is caused by a lack of thiamin (vitamin B1). Symptoms of beriberi include weakness, difficulty walking, and swelling in the legs. In severe cases, it can lead to heart failure and death.
Night blindness: Night blindness, or nyctalopia, is a condition in which a person has difficulty seeing in low light conditions. It can be caused by a deficiency of vitamin A, which is necessary for the proper functioning of the retina in the eye.
Dermatitis: Dermatitis, or inflammation of the skin, can be caused by the deficiency of biotin, which is a B vitamin. Symptoms of dermatitis include red, scaly skin and itching.
Rickets: Rickets is a condition that results in softening and weakening of the bones in children. It is the result of a deficiency of vitamin D, which is necessary for the proper absorption of calcium and phosphorus. Symptoms of rickets include deformities in the bones, muscle weakness, and delayed growth.
Peripheral neuropathy: Peripheral neuropathy is a condition in which the nerves that carry messages to and from the brain and spinal cord are damaged. It can be caused by a deficiency of vitamin B1, vitamin B6, or vitamin B12. Symptoms of peripheral neuropathy include numbness and tingling in the hands and feet, muscle weakness, and difficulty walking.
Megaloblastic anaemia: A deficiency of folic acid causes Megaloblastic anaemia. It is characterised by the production of large, abnormal red blood cells that do not function properly. Symptoms of megaloblastic anaemia include fatigue, weakness, and shortness of breath.
Cracked lips and mouth sores: The deficiency of riboflavin (vitamin B2) can lead to cracked lips and mouth sores.
It is important to get enough of all essential vitamins to maintain good health. A balanced diet that includes a variety of foods can help ensure that you are getting all the vitamins you need. In some cases, a vitamin supplement may be necessary to help prevent or treat a deficiency. It is always best to consult with a healthcare professional before starting any new supplement regimen.