What is a cloudburst and why Himalayas are at greater risk

A devastating cloudburst in Uttarakhand's Uttarkashi district triggered flash floods, damaging homes and sending panic through high-altitude villages like Dharali. While such events may seem sudden, scientists warn they’re becoming increasingly common and increasingly dangerous in the Indian Himalayas. 

But what exactly is a cloudburst, and why is Uttarakhand so vulnerable?

What Is a Cloudburst?

A cloudburst is a localized but extremely intense rainfall event, where over 100 mm of rain can fall within just an hour, often accompanied by lightning and strong winds. According to the India Meteorological Department, this intense precipitation typically affects areas of 20–30 square kilometers.

However, a 2023 study by researchers from IIT Jammu and the National Institute of Hydrology defines cloudbursts as even more concentrated — 100 to 250 mm of rain in under an hour, over an area as small as one square kilometer.

Why the Himalayas Are Prone

The Indian Himalayan region — especially elevations between 1,000 and 2,000 metres — is highly susceptible to cloudbursts, flash floods, and landslides. Uttarkashi, at 1,160 metres, falls directly within this vulnerable zone. Researchers note that Uttarakhand sees a higher frequency of cloudburst events per unit area than other Himalayan states, with increasing severity each year due to climate change.

Recent Incidents & The Urgency

From the Barkot-Yamunotri route collapse in June to the Kedarnath trek disruption in July, the warnings are stark and real. Experts urge immediate planning, concrete policies, and global collaboration to better predict and manage these extreme weather events.

Cloudbursts are no longer rare. They’re a grim sign of changing climate patterns, and for Uttarakhand, better preparedness may be the only path forward.