Pahalgam terror attack: Air force strength of Indian and Pakistan – A comparison

In light of recent regional tensions, particularly following the Pahalgam terror attack, the strategic capabilities of South Asia's primary air forces—the Indian Air Force (IAF) and the Pakistan Air Force (PAF)—have come under renewed scrutiny. 

This analysis provides a comprehensive comparison of their respective strengths, fleet compositions, modernization efforts, and strategic orientations as of 2025.

Indian Air Force vs Pakistan Air Force

Fleet Size and Composition

Indian Air Force (IAF):
As of 2025, the IAF operates approximately 1,716 active aircraft, encompassing a mix of fighters, transport aircraft, helicopters, and special mission platforms. 

Pakistan Air Force (PAF):
The PAF maintains an active inventory of about 879 aircraft, including fighters, transport aircraft, and helicopters. 

Fighter Aircraft and Combat Capabilities

IAF:
The IAF's combat fleet includes advanced aircraft such as the Dassault Rafale, Sukhoi Su-30MKI, Mirage 2000, and the indigenous HAL Tejas. These platforms provide the IAF with multirole capabilities, including air superiority, ground attack, and reconnaissance missions.

PAF:
The PAF's fighter fleet comprises aircraft like the JF-17 Thunder (developed jointly with China), F-16 Fighting Falcons, and the recently acquired J-10C fighters from China. These aircraft enhance the PAF's air defense and strike capabilities.

Modernization and Indigenous Development

IAF:
India is actively pursuing modernization through indigenous programs such as the Advanced Medium Combat Aircraft (AMCA) project and the ongoing production of the HAL Tejas Mk1A. Additionally, India has signed agreements for the acquisition of 114 multi-role fighter aircraft to bolster its combat fleet. 

PAF:
The PAF focuses on cost-effective modernization, emphasizing upgrades to existing platforms and collaborations, notably with China. The JF-17 program is central to this strategy, with continuous enhancements to avionics and weapon systems.

Strategic Posture and Readiness

IAF:
The IAF maintains a doctrine of strategic deterrence and rapid response, with a focus on maintaining air superiority in the region. Its extensive network of airbases and forward deployments ensures readiness across multiple fronts.
Wikipedia

PAF:
The PAF emphasizes a defensive posture with the capability for quick offensive operations. Its strategy includes maintaining a high state of readiness and leveraging its fleet for both conventional and asymmetric warfare scenarios.