TV
As the monsoon gains momentum across Odisha, the iconic Hirakud Dam in Sambalpur has released its first floodwater of the season today.
Authorities opened sluice gate number 7 on the dam’s left spillway at 10 am, following a traditional ritual and special puja, marking the beginning of this year’s flood regulation efforts.
The release, carried out in a phased and controlled manner, once again, shed the dam’s pivotal role in balancing safety, agriculture, and development across the state.
Engineering Marvel Born from Disaster
The Hirakud Dam, spanning 25.8 kilometres across the Mahanadi River, was born out of necessity.
Once referred to as the ‘Sorrow of Odisha,' the Mahanadi frequently unleashed devastating floods on the coastal plains, culminating in the catastrophic deluge of 1937.
In response, legendary engineer M. Visvesvaraya proposed a river management system, and by 1945, the project received official approval.
Construction began in 1948 under the vision of Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru, who famously hailed large dams as the temples of modern India. Completed in 1957, Hirakud became the world’s longest earthen dam, reshaping both the geography and economy of Odisha.
Crucial Role in Flood Mitigation
The dam’s primary function remains flood control. With a vast reservoir capable of absorbing massive inflows during peak monsoon periods, Hirakud protects millions living in the lower Mahanadi basin, including the vulnerable districts of Cuttack, Jagatsinghpur, and Puri.
Each year, as rainfall intensifies across the river’s upper catchment areas in Chhattisgarh and western Odisha, dam authorities monitor inflows closely. Releasing water from the reservoir is a proactive safety measure to prevent overtopping, maintain structural integrity, and regulate downstream river flow.
The current discharge, initiated after precautionary alerts and siren warnings, is part of this essential cycle.
Supporting Agriculture and Energy
Hirakud has transformed Odisha’s agricultural landscape. Its expansive canal network irrigates over 1.5 million hectares across districts like Bargarh, Bolangir, and Subarnapur, ensuring stable food production and reducing dependency on erratic monsoons. Both Kharif and Rabi crops benefit from assured water supply, bolstering the rural economy.
In addition to irrigation, the dam powers two major hydroelectric stations at Burla and Chiplima, supplying clean energy to thousands of households and industries.
The reliable availability of water and electricity has spurred industrial expansion in western Odisha, including aluminium refineries, paper mills, and metal-processing units, turning the region into a vital economic corridor.
Despite initial challenges, including the displacement of local communities, the project has enabled long-term socio-economic progress. The reservoir also sustains inland fisheries, offering alternative livelihoods to many.
From its origins as a flood-control mechanism to its current role as an all-round driver of irrigation, electricity, and industrial growth, Hirakud Dam continues to be the backbone of Odisha’s development.
