Raksha Bandhan, a festival that celebrates the sacred bond between siblings, holds a special place in the hearts of Odisha. With a blend of fervour, cultural richness, and ancient rituals, the Odia celebration of Rakhi Purnima reflects the vibrant tapestry of the state's rich cultural heritage.
The essence of Rakhi remains unchanged, yet in Odisha, it melds seamlessly with the spirit of Gamha Purnima. This auspicious occasion marks the birth of Lord Balaram (Balabhardra), Lord Krishna's brother and the conclusion of the monsoon season.
Lord Balaram's significance as the guardian of agriculture is deeply woven into the fabric of the festival. The term 'Gamha' is derived from the word Go-mata and according to the Harivamsa, Balaram was born from a cow named Rohini.
As a tribute to Lord Balabhardra and his association with the farming community, cattle are revered and celebrated on this day.
The festivities involve the ceremonial washing and adorning of cattle, particularly cows and bullocks, with vibrant ropes and floral garlands. Rakhis are lovingly tied to the horns of the cattle, symbolizing a bond of protection. Farmers, recognizing the pivotal role of cattle in agriculture, also pay homage to the essential tools of their trade.
A delectable spread of pancakes and sweets is offered to the cattle as an expression of gratitude for their contributions to the agrarian livelihood. In certain regions of Odisha like Paralakhemundi, Berhampur and Nayagarh, the birthday of Lord Balabhadra is celebrated with the spirited Gamha-Diyan, a traditional game in which children and youths try to pluck fruits and other gifts that are tied to the rope.
The convergence of Rakhi Purnima and Gamha Purnima in Odisha encapsulates a narrative of devotion, agriculture, and familial bonds. The festival not only commemorates the sibling relationship but also serves as a tribute to the ancient customs and traditions that continue to enrich the cultural fabric of the state.